Sick Leave in Colombia in the 2016-2018 period: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study / Licencia por enfermedad en Colombia en el período 2016-2018: Estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo

Introduction: To understand the sick leave situation and the causes and effects of a temporary loss of capacity to work allows for the strengthening of policies and management in the provision of health services. Objective: To analyze sick leave in Colombia in the 2016-2018 period. Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study and the relative risk was calculated. Sick leave reports were provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. 12,410,837 reports from formal workers between the ages of 18-70 years and had at least one temporary disability were processed. Results: The average age of people with sick leave was 37.11 years, 53% corresponding to females. On average, sick leave was 90.6% and 5.6% for dependent and independent workers, respectively. The principal causes of disability were musculoskeletal diseases and were more likely in men and adults according to RR. Men in comparison to females and adults in comparison to youths are less likely to have sick leave due to respiratory disease. Conclusions: In Colombia, females presented more temporary sick leave, even if males had more days of disability, even though the median was three days in both genders. Youth and adults had more sick leave days.

Introducción: Comprender la situación de incapacidad por enfermedad, causas y efectos de una pérdida temporal de la capacidad de trabajo fortalece las políticas y la gestión en la prestación de servicios de salud. Objetivo: Analizar las incapacidades por enfermedad en Colombia en el período 2016-2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo, con cálculo del riesgo relativo. Se procesaron 12.410.837 registros de trabajadores formales entre 18 y 70 años de edad y con al menos una incapacidad temporal, según los informes del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: La edad promedio de las personas fue de 37,11 años, 53% fueron mujeres. En promedio, el 90,6% de las incapacidades fue para trabajadores dependientes y el 5,6% trabajadores independientes. Las principales causas de incapacidad fueron las enfermedades del sistema musculoesquelético más frecuentes en hombres adultos según RR. Los hombres en comparación con las mujeres y los adultos en comparación con los jóvenes tienen menos probabilidades de tener licencia por enfermedad respiratoria. Conclusiones: Las mujeres presentaron más incapacidades temporales por enfermedad, aunque los hombres tuvieron más días de incapacidad, la mediana fue de tres días en ambos géneros. Los jóvenes y los adultos tenían más días de baja por enfermedad.

Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário (NTEP): risco das sete atividades econômicas e condições incapacitantes mais frequentes, Brasil, 2000-2016 / Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus (NTEP): risk of seven economic activities and most frequent disabling conditions, Brazil, 2000-2016 / Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico de la Seguridad Social (NTEP): riesgo de siete actividades económicas y condiciones incapacitantes más frecuentes, Brasil, 2000-2016

O Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social do Brasil usa o Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário (NTEP) desde 2007 para associar riscos de ocorrência de incapacidade laboral com classes de atividades econômicas. Este trabalho visou a identificar os principais riscos desse tipo nas empresas brasileiras. Realizamos um estudo de coorte censitária dinâmica, com dados nacionais secundários: o Sistema Único de Benefício (SUB) e o Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais (CNIS). O número de identificação do trabalhador (NIT) permitiu vincular a ocorrência de condições incapacitantes (Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10ª revisão - CID-10) com as atividades econômicas (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas - CNAE). O NTEP foi estabelecido com os maiores riscos entre as sete classes CNAE mais populosas e sete maiores grupos CID-10 entre os benefícios previdenciários de 2000 a 2016. O Brasil teve no período uma população de empregados segurados de 30.815.310,06 vínculos-médios ao ano com 512.967.233,15 vínculos-dias. As CNAE mais populosas foram: "comércio varejista - hipermercados", "transporte rodoviário coletivo de passageiros", "bancos múltiplos, com carteira comercial", "abate de suínos e aves", "seleção e agenciamento de mão de obra", "coleta de resíduos não perigosos" e "fabricação de automóveis, camionetas e utilitários". As condições incapacitantes mais prevalentes foram: dorsopatias, traumatismos do punho e da mão, traumatismos do joelho e da perna, transtornos dos tecidos moles, transtornos do humor, artropatias e transtornos neuróticos. Entre as 49 combinações de CID-10 e CNAE estabeleceu-se o NTEP para 27 (55,1%). O estudo ratifica a acurácia e consistência do NTEP para identificar riscos e frações etiológicas.

The Brazilian National Social Security Institute has used the Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus (NTEP) since 2007 to associate risks of the occurrence of work-related disability to classes of economic activities. This study aimed to identify the main risks of this type in Brazilian companies. We conducted a dynamic census cohort study with secondary national data from the Single Benefit System (SUB) and the National Registry of Social Information (CNIS). The Worker's Identification Number (NIT) allowed linking the occurrence of disabling conditions (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision - ICD-10) to economic activities (National Classification of Economic Activities, CNAE). The NTEP was established with the highest risks between the seven most populous CNAE classes and seven largest ICD-10 among social security benefits from 2000 to 2016. During the period, Brazil had entitled employees with 30,815,310.06 employment contracts per year with 512,967,233.15 contract days. The most populous CNAE were: "retail commerce - hypermarkets", "roadway collective passenger transportation", "multipurpose banks with commercial portfolios", "pork and poultry slaughtering", "job selection and hiring", "nonhazardous waste collection", and "automobile, pickup truck, and utility vehicle manufacturing". The most prevalent disabling conditions were: back disorders, wrist and hand injuries, knee and leg injuries, soft tissue disorders, mood disorders, joint disorders, and neurotic disorders. Among the 49 combinations of ICD-10 and CNAE, the NTEP was established for 27 (55.1%). The study corroborates the accuracy and consistency of NTEP for identifying risks and etiological fractions.

El Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social de Brasil usa el Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico de la Seguridad Social (NTEP) desde 2007, para asociar riesgos de ocurrencia de incapacidad laboral con clases de actividades económicas. Este estudio tuvo como meta identificar los principales riesgos de este tipo en empresas brasileñas. Realizamos un estudio de cohorte censal dinámica, con datos nacionales secundarios del Sistema Único de Beneficio (SUB), así como del Registro Nacional de Información Social (CNIS). El número de identificación del trabajador (NIT) permitió vincular la ocurrencia de condiciones incapacitantes (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10ª edición - CIE-10) con las actividades económicas (Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas - CNAE). El NTEP fue establecido con los mayores riesgos entre las siete clases CNAE más pobladas y siete grupos mayores CIE-10 entre los beneficios de seguridad social de 2000 a 2016. Brasil tuvo durante este período una población de empleados asegurados de 30.815.310,06 vínculos-medios al año con 512.967.233,15 vínculos-días. Las CNAE más pobladas fueron: "comercio minorista - hipermercados", "transporte por carretera colectivo de pasajeros", "bancos múltiples, con cartera comercial", "matadero de porcino y aves", "selección y contratación de mano de obra", "recogida de residuos no-peligrosos" y "fabricación de automóviles, camionetas y utilitarios". Las condiciones incapacitantes más prevalentes fueron: dorsopatías, traumatismos del puño y de la mano, traumatismos de la rodilla y de la pierna, trastornos de los tejidos blandos, trastornos del humor, artropatías y trastornos neuróticos. Entre las 49 combinaciones de CIE-10 y CNAE se estableció el NTEP para 27 (55,1%). El estudio ratifica la precisión y consistencia del NTEP para identificar riesgos y fracciones etiológicas.

Disability retirement among university public servants: epidemiological profile and causes / Jubilación por invalidez de funcionarios públicos universitarios: perfil epidemiológico y causas / Aposentadoria por invalidez de servidores públicos universitários: perfil epidemiológico e causas

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile and causes of disability pensions for university public servants. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out with 40 retired employees due to disability of a public university. Sociodemographic, occupational and clinical data were obtained. The analyses were stratified according to gender, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Disability pensions were more frequent among women (72.5%), aged up to 60 years (77.5%). Mental and behavioral disorders were mainly responsible for pensions (35%). There was a significant difference between the sexes (p ≤ 0.05) for the variables: educational level, function performed by the worker and presence of dependents. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile showed a higher frequency of female, married/stable marital status, aged between 51 and 60 years and up to 12 years of schooling. Chronic degenerative diseases were predominant among the causes for disability pensions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico y las causas de las jubilaciones por invalidez de funcionarios públicos universitarios. Método: Estudio transversal y descriptivo, realizado con 40 funcionarios jubilados por invalidez de una universidad pública. Fueron obtenidos datos socio demográficos, ocupacionales y clínicos. Los análisis fueron estratificados según el sexo, considerando nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: Las jubilaciones por invalidez fueron más frecuentes entre las mujeres (72,5%), con edad hasta 60 años (77,5%). Las enfermedades mentales y conductoales fueron las principales responsables por las jubilaciones (35%). Se constató diferencia significativa entre los sexos (p ≤ 0,05) para las variables: escolaridad, función ejercida por el trabajador y presencia de dependientes. Conclusión: El perfil epidemiológico mostró mayor frecuencia del sexo femenino, estado civil casado/unión estable, con edad entre 51 y 60 años y hasta 12 años de estudio. Las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas fueron predominantes entre las causas de las jubilaciones por invalidez.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico e as causas das aposentadorias por invalidez de servidores públicos universitários. Método: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com 40 servidores aposentados por invalidez de uma universidade pública. Foram obtidos dados sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e clínicos. As análises foram estratificadas segundo o sexo, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As aposentadorias por invalidez foram mais frequentes entre as mulheres (72,5%), com idade de até 60 anos (77,5%). As doenças mentais e comportamentais foram as principais responsáveis pelas aposentadorias (35%). Constatou-se diferença significativa entre os sexos (p ≤ 0,05) para as variáveis: escolaridade, função exercida pelo trabalhador e presença de dependentes. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico mostrou maior frequência do sexo feminino, estado civil casado/união estável, com idade entre 51 e 60 anos e até 12 anos de estudo. As doenças crônicas degenerativas foram predominantes entre as causas das aposentadorias por invalidez.

Disability Duration in Musculoskeletal Injured Patients due to Automobile Accidents

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to refer descriptive statistics of the disability duration in musculoskeletal injured patients in the automobile accidents. METHOD: The authors chose 469,319 injured patients in traffic accidents as subjects that met inclusion criteria with 8 representative Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) comparable with 4th edition of Korean standard classification of diseases. Mean, standard deviation, mode, median, maximum and minimum of 8 representative AIS code were calculated. RESULTS: Mean disability duration for minor cervical sprain was 18.8 days, that of moderate cervical disc herniation was 56.2 days, that of serious cervical disc herniation was 141.5 days, that of minor lumbar sprain was 21.2 days, that of moderate lumbar disc herniation was 53.5 days, that of serious lumbar disc herniation was 128.1 days, that of sprain of 3 major joint in lower limb without desmorrhexis was 24.0 days, and that of dislocation or desmorrhexis of 3 major joint in lower limb was 101.2 days. CONCLUSION: Disability duration of the representative musculoskeletal diseases comparable to AIS code in 4th edition of Korean standard classification of diseases was presented and this study can be utilized as a basic recommended disability duration of automobile injured persons.